), Haplogroup M, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1b. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. From here, it has spread out as far south as South Adrica, northwards into West Asia (including Lebanon) and Europe (especially the Mediterranean and the Balkans) It is primarily distributed in Africa. This tree reaches back more than 275,000 years to just one man who lived in East Africa: the most recent paternal-line common ancestor of all humans living today. That’s why it is observed in low frequencies in the Horn of Africa, North Eastern Africa, and Southwest Asia, where the E1b1b haplogroup has its lowest frequencies, and its meager presence in these areas is generally characteristic to the slave commerce and/or the Bantu expansion through past migrations. Your paternal-line “haplogroup” describes how your lineage is related to all the others. My YDNA Haplogroup is E-U174 (E1b1a7a), a subclade of E-M2 (E1b1a). "Y-DNA haplogroup E would appear to have arisen in Northeast Africa based on the concentration and variety of E subclades in that area today. Karafet (2008), in which Hammer is a co-author, significantly rearranged time estimates leading to "new interpretations on the geographical origin of ancient sub-clades". By Alexandra Rosa, Mark A Jobling, Carolina Ornelas, António Brehm, and Richard Villems – BMC Evol Biol. This haplogroup is found in Africa, the Middle East, and Europe. (2018) based on the similar age of the clade's parent haplogroup DE and the mtDNA haplogroup L3. It is primarily distributed in Africa. DE* is found in both Asia and Africa, meaning that not only one, but several siblings of D are found in Asia and Africa. Haplogroup E1b1a is the main haplogroup in sub-Saharan Africa. ), formed: 68.3–62.1 ka (CI 95%), TMRCA: 55.3–49.5 ybp (CI 95%), Conversion table for Y chromosome haplogroups, Y-chromosome haplogroups in populations of the world, Y-DNA haplogroups in populations of Sub-Saharan Africa. and others suggest that it likely originated in and expanded from West Africa (i.e., the Sudan Belt) during the last 20,000 to 30,000 years based on the fact that the frequency and divergence of E1b1a in this region are notably the highest found. E1b1b Sub-clades, Phylogenetic tree of haplogroup E1b1b (Y-DNA). E1b1b lineages are closely linked to the diffusion of Afro-asiatic languages. However, this requires C and F to split after D and E have already split, which is not the current calculated sequence of events. Haplogroup L3 arose close to 70,000 years ago, near the time of the recent out-of-Africa event.This dispersal originated in East Africa and expanded to West Asia, and further to South and Southeast Asia in the course of a few millennia, and some research suggests that L3 participated in this migration out of Africa. E-P2 is likely to have originated in the Ethiopian highlands of East Africa, as this is the place with the high frequency of ancestral sub-clades of this haplogroup. Haplogroup E … It is believed to be the haplogroup of Y-chromosomal Adam. Haplogroup A is found mainly in Southern Africa and represents the oldest Y-chromosome haplogroup. Twelve markers with 1 genetic distance, I have several; but for Ghana, again, I have 3 matches (2 Ewe and 1 Fante). Albert Einstein, acclaimed theoretical physicist, is presumed to have belonged to Y-haplogroup E-Z830 based on the results from a patrilineal descendant of Naphtali Hirsch Einstein, his great-grand-father. (Previously the name Haplogroup M was assigned to K2b1d. The first letter indicates the major group, while other letters and numbers are used for more recent changes in the DNA.Consider the paternal haplogroup E.E haplogroups are historically found in Africa. [9] Some authors as Chandrasekar (2007), accept the earlier position of Hammer (1997) that Haplogroup E may have originated in Asia,[10] given that: However, several discoveries made since the Hammer articles are thought to make an Asian origin less likely: In 2015 Poznik and Underhill have claimed haplogroup E, arose outside Africa, arguing that, "This model of geographical segregation within the CT clade requires just one continental haplogroup exchange (E to Africa), rather than three (D, C, and F out of Africa). Y-DNA haplogroups most commonly found in Africa include A, B and E… Over 80% of the males in West Africa fall under this haplogroup. Ironically, this haplogroup believed to be at the forbearer of Afro-Asiatic languages, which includes the Semitic languages and peoples, Hitler despised so much. These new Eurasian lineages were then suggested to have largely replaced the old autochthonous male and female African lineages. This suggests that E1b1b may indeed have appeared in East Africa, then expanded north until the Levant. Haplogroup E1b1b (formerly known as E3b) represents the last major direct exodus from Africa into Europe believed to have appeared first in the Horn of Africa about 26,000 years ago and scattered to North Africa and the Near East during the late Paleolithic and Mesolithic periods. E-M75 is present throughout Subequatorial Africa, particularly in the African Great Lakes and Central Africa. A prolific primary branch of E-P2, Haplogroup E-M215 (E1b1b) is distributed in high frequencies from East Africa, through North Africa into Western Asia and Southern Europe. Recently it was discovered that 3 East African men previously classified only as E*-M96 could be assigned to a new branch, E-V44, which is a sister branch to E1-P147; E-P147 and E-V44 share the V3725 mutation, making E2-M75 and E-V3725 the two known primary branches of E.[26] It is not known whether or not some (or all) other E*(xE1, E2) would fall into V44 as well. E-M243 is far less common in West, Central, and Southern Africa, though it has been observed among some Khoisan speakers[13] and among Niger–Congo speakers in Senegambia,[14] Guinea-Bissau,[15] Burkina Faso,[16] Ghana, Gabon,[17] the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda,[18] Namibia, and South Africa. E-M2 is the most prevalent subclade of E in Africa. It is currently found in northeast Asia, and it is considered one of the founding lineages of the Indigenous American population. Scientists use letters and number to identify different haplogroups. E(xE1a-M33, E1b1-P2, E2-M75) was reported among several Southern African populations and in an Egyptian man; E(xE1a-M33, E1b1a1-M2, E1b1b-M215, E2-M75) has been observe… The Harvey Y-DNA Genetic Project managed to backtrack the ancestry and classify the Y haplogroup of William Harvey (1578 -1657), credited with a complete description of the systemic circulation and the effects of blood being pumped by the heart to the body. E1b1a is the primary sub-clade of E, found in West Africans and many populations of Central, Eastern, and Southern Africa and observed in lower frequencies in North Africa and parts of West Asia. E1b1b is found at high frequencies outside Europe, over 80% in Morocco and East Africa Somalia and Ethiopia males makes about 40% to 80%. By looking at the major subclade frequencies, five broad regions of Africa can be defined: East, Central, North, Southern and West. E3 is further divided into E3a and E3b, but only E3b is observed Haplogroup E in general is believed to have originated in Northeast Africa, and was later introduced to West Africa from where it spread around 5,000 years ago to Central, Southern and Southeastern Africa with the Bantu expansion. Pontikos D. "Phylogeographic refinement of haplogroup E", Trombetta B. The table below brings together all of these works at the point of the landmark 2002 YCC Tree. 2007; 7: 124. Haplogroup K2e (K-M147) was previously known as "Haplogroup X" and "K2a" (but is a sibling subclade of the present K2a). The study concluded that he belonged to sub-clade E1b1b1. Haplogroup E-M2 is a human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup. However, the sub-clade E1b1a9 has been found only in one Gambian and also the sub-clades E1b1a2, E1b1a3, E1b1a4, E1b1a5, and E1b1a6 are quite rare as well. Haplogroup D is the principal East Asian lineage. E-M4254. It has been observed at frequencies of 58%-60% of African American populations. It and branches help trace human history from our origin in Africa. E1B1A is mostly found in black men who live in Canada, America, the Caribbean, Latin America, Europe and Africa. This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup subclades is based on the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC) Tree,[27] the ISOGG Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree,[28] and subsequent published research. Most members of haplogroup E-M96 belong to one of its identified subclades, and the E-M96(xE-P147, E-M75) is rare. North African countries of Tunisia, (70%), Algeria (60%) and Egypt (40%). E-U290 is a branch on the paternal tree of human kind. It is circa 200,000 years ago in East Africa that "Mitochondrial Eve" is born, lives, struggles and survives all adversity, becoming the genetic ancestral mother of us all. With respect to E1b1a, a west-to-east as well as a south-to-north clonal distribution exists, that is, the diversity and frequency increases as you move from East and North Africa to West and South of Africa. FamilyTreeDNA Y-Haplotree. The E1b1a sub clades E1b1a7 and E1b1a8 are widely found throughout sub-Saharan Africans. There are two major divisions of the E haplogroup, E1 and E2. Relatives of Adolf Hitler were tested by the Geneticist Ronny Decorte and he concluded that the Reich’s Fürher belonged to haplogroup E1b1b. [12] E(xE1a-M33, E1b1-P2, E2-M75) was reported among several Southern African populations and in an Egyptian man;[22] E(xE1a-M33, E1b1a1-M2, E1b1b-M215, E2-M75) has been observed amongst pygmies and Bantu from Cameroon and Gabon;[17] and E(xE1a-M33, E1b1a1-M2, E1b1b1-M35, E2-M75) has been found in several Lebanese,[23] in Burkina Faso,[24] and a Fulbe man from Niger.[25]. E1b1a is the single most common Y-chromosome haplogroup among people of Sub-Saharan African descent both inside and outside of Africa. Human Y chromosomes belonging to the haplogroup R1b1-P25, although very common in Europe, are usually rare in Africa. Y-DNA Haplogroup Geographic Locations. Inventors of the world’s first successful airplane, the Wright Brothers, allegedly they descended from Robert Wright of Brook Hall, Essex, England, belonged to haplogroup E-V13. This branch is defined by the Y-Haplotree at FamilyTreeDNA as E-U290. Haplogroup S, as of 2017, is also known as K2b1a. The Primary clade E1b1, also known as E-P2 or E-PN2, includes the majority of all E lineages existing today. It is observed at high frequencies in all African regions from moderate to high. It is thought that some E1b1a populations later migrated to West Africa across a Sahara that was moist savannah/grassland. It is one of the two main branches of the older and ancestral haplogroup DE, the other main branch being haplogroup D. The E-M96 clade is divided into two main subclades: the more common E-P147, and the less common E-M75. It is also found at significant levels among populations native to Southern Africa and throughout Western Europe. Today the members of these two brother haplogroups are separated by thousands of miles: D is common in Japan, China and Tibet, whereas E is found in Africa, the Middle East, and southern Europe. [19], Paragroup E-M96* refers to lineages belonging to the E clade but which cannot be classified into any known branch. E1b1b Famous individuals Haplogroup E1b1a is predominantly found among sub-Sahara African populations. "Phylogeographic Refinement and Large Scale Genotyping of Human Y Chromosome Haplogroup E Provide New Insights into the Dispersal of Early Pastoralists in the African Continent", This page was last edited on 17 January 2021, at 17:54. The frequency of E sub-clades varies geographically over time due to founder effects in Neolithic populations, i.e. In 2002, the major research groups came together and formed the Y-Chromosome Consortium (YCC). Distribution of haplogroup E-V13 in Europe, the Middle East & North Africa E1b1b1b2a (M123) E-M123 is most commonly found in Ethiopia (5-20%), where it appears to have originated. "Y-DNA haplogroup E would appear to have arisen in Northeast Africa based on the concentration and variety of E subclades in that area today. Today there are two major surviving extensions of this haplogroup, E1b1b (E-M215) and E1b1a (E-V38). Haplogroup P (P295) is also klnown as K2b2. Haplogroup E is found in Africa, Asia and Europe and it is divided into three clades: E1 and E2 are found exclusively in Africa, while E3 is observed in Africa, Europe and western Asia. In addition, K-Y28299, which appears to be a primary branch of K-M2313, has been found in three living individuals from India. The entire work is identified by the Version Number and date given on the Main Page. The E-M329 subclade is today almost exclusively found in Ethiopia. supports an African origin for haplogroup E (based on an analysis of the Y-chromosomal phylogenetic structure, haplogroup divergence times, and the recently discovered haplogroup D0 found in three Nigerians, an additional branch of the DE lineage diverging early from the D branch). Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2016. Prior to 2002, there were in academic literature at least seven naming systems for the Y-Chromosome Phylogenetic tree. Underhill and Kivisild (2007) demonstrated that C and F have a common ancestor meaning that DE has only one sibling which is non-African. Haplogroup D appears in Central Asia, Southeast Asia, and in Japan [62,76] showing the highest frequencies in Tibet and Japan (50% and 35%, respectively). E1b1b1 is a lineage which has emerged from the E1b1b haplogroup. This article is about the human Y-DNA haplogroup. Pod not found. E-V38 has two basal branches, E-M329 (formerly E1b1c) and E-M2 (formerly E1b1a). E-P2 diverged into two predominant sub-clades; E1b1a (E-V38) and E1b1b (E-M215) approximately 24-27,000 years ago. According to this hypothesis, after an initial Out-of-Africa migration of early anatomically modern humans around 125 kya, E-carrying males are thus proposed to have back-migrated from the paternal haplogroup's place of origin in Eurasia around 70 kya along with females bearing the maternal haplogroup L3, which the study also hypothesizes to have originated in Eurasia. on Twitter on Facebook on Google+, 25 May 2017 / The E-L241 subclade has been found in the Czech Republic and England. On the European continent, Eastern and Central Europe, Kosovo has the highest concentration over 45%, Albania and Montenegro (both 27%), Bulgaria (23%), Macedonia and Greece (both 21%), the Island of Cyprus and Sicily (both 20%), South Italy (18.5%), Serbia (18%) and Romania (15%).
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