For details on implementing support for the Windows UEFI Firmware Update Platform consult the following documentation: Windows UEFI Firmware Update Platform. Having one key per PC model. Secure Boot ensures that each component launched during the boot process is digitally signed and that the signature is validated against a set of trusted certificates embedded in the UEFI BIOS. Once enabled, the Trusted Platform Module can help secure full disk encryption products such as Microsoft BitLocker capabilities. - The UEFI specification 2.3.1 Errata C recommends the keys to be RSA-2048 or better. Enroll the PK using Secure Boot API. All firmware updates must be signed securely by the OEM, their trusted delegate such as the ODM or IBV (Independent BIOS Vendor), or by a secure signing service. Unless you have stumbled on a very mythical creature, there isn't a single x86 board that I know of where you cannot disable Secure Boot. Must be RSA 2048 or stronger. Enter your BIOS configuration, enable Secure Boot, and restore Secure Boot to the Default configuration. 1. If only the hash of this key is stored (to save space), then the firmware update will include the key, and the first stage of the update process will be verifying that the public key in the update matches the hash stored on the platform. 3. Windows 10 and UEFI Secure Boot. For desktop PC, OEMs manage PK and necessary PKI associated with it. The physical location of the PCs on the factory floor would need to be a protected area with limited user access like a secure cage. See Section 1.3.3. BIOS settings. Signing UEFI drivers and applications with this certificate will allow UEFI drivers and applications from 3rd parties to run on the PC without requiring additional steps for the user. On SOCs PCs, there is another reason to not use the PK as the secure firmware update key. This may be needed if the PK gets compromised or as a requirement by a customer that for security reasons may decide to enroll their own PK. The drawbacks of Smart cards are similar to TPMs. The following metrics can help you select a HSM PC based on the requirements of UEFI specification 2.3.1 Errata C and your needs. Please reference UEFI specification section 27.3.3 for more information. The PK may need to be retrieved to issue an updated PK due to it being compromised or to adhere to government /other agency regulations. One can use Microsoft CAPI and CNG or any other secure API supported by HSM. Pre-UEFI security and a root of trust are not addressed by the UEFI Secure Boot process, but instead by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and Trusted Computing Group (TCG) publications referenced in this paper. This section intends to summarize the above sections and show a step by step approach: Establish a secure CA or identify a partner to securely generate and store keys. This is a platform feature in UEFI, which replaces the traditional PC BIOS. 1.3.4.4 KEKDefault The platform vendor may provide a default set of Key Exchange Keys in the KEKDefault variable. Figure 3 above represents the signatures and keys in a PC with Secure Boot. Any drivers signed by this will run seamlessly on any PCs that include the Microsoft UEFI CA. Use crypto APIs for key management. This may include transactions having substantial monetary value or risk of fraud, or involving access to private information where the likelihood of malicious access is substantial. The Microsoft UEFI driver signing certificate can be used for signing other OSs. In a Secure Boot public key system you have the following: RSA-2048 is an asymmetric cryptographic algorithm. The database may contain multiple certificates, keys, and hashes in order to identify forbidden images. 1.3.5 Secure Boot firmware update keyThe Secure firmware update key is used to sign the firmware when it needs to be updated. The following links have more information on Windows HCK UEFI signing and submission: Windows Certification Dashboard Administration, Windows Hardware Certification blog: UEFI signing CA update. Does it allow for High Availability for disaster recovery? Establish a secure CA or identify a partner (recommended solution) to securely generate and store keys. Check your HSM reference manual for installation instructions. Enroll the Secure Boot Platform Key to enable Secure Boot. This level is relevant to environments in which the risk of malicious activity is considered to be low. Firmware must check signature of the update. If there is one key per PC that would mean that millions of unique update packages will need to be generated. This includes: KEK contains the production Microsoft KEK. For example, an X.509 certificate includes the format of the certificate, the serial number of the certificate, the algorithm used to sign the certificate, the name of the CA that issued the certificate, the name and public key of the entity requesting the certificate, and the CA's signature. SignatureOwner GUID: {77fa9abd-0359-4d32-bd60-28f4e78f784b}. 1.4.2 DbDefault: The platform vendor may provide a default set of entries for the Signature Database in the dbDefault variable. HSM are a good way of storing keys. The platform owner clears the public half of the Platform Key (PKpub) by calling the UEFI Boot Ser¬vice SetVariable() with a variable size of 0 and resetting the platform. By leveraging this Windows firmware support an OEM can rely on the same common format and process for updating firmware for both system and PC firmware. Modern PCs that shipped with Windows 8 or 10 have a feature called Secure Boot enabled by default. The Secure Boot process works as follows and as shown in Figure 1: Firmware Boot Components: The firmware verifies the OS loader is trusted (Windows or another trusted operating system.). Evaluate- The following areas of your infrastructure could be impacted by UEFI/Secure boot enabled Windows 8 systems. There is no WMI interface. Secure Boot is one feature of the latest Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) 2.3.1 specification (Errata C). Secure Boot voorkomt het starten van software die door bijvoorbeeld malware is gewijzigd. It keeps your system secure, but you may need to disable Secure Boot to run certain versions of Linux and older versions of Windows. For more information see section 27.5.3 in the UEFI specification. 2. All HP computers manufactured with Windows 10 come with Secure Boot enabled by default. Tap Enter. Any drivers that are included in the system firmware image do not need to be re-verified. Other keys are used by Secure Boot to protect access to databases that store keys to allow or disallow execution of firmware. Each command uses the same device and media, but boots the PC in a different firmware mode. Secure Boot, Windows and Key Management, https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=321185, NIST publication 800-147 Field Firmware Update, https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/p/?linkid=321192, https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/p/?linkid=321194, https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/p/?linkid=321185, https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/?LinkId=321192, https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/windows_hardware_certification/2013/12/03/microsoft-uefi-ca-signing-policy-updates/, https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/p/?LinkID=321194, https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/p/?linkid=321288, https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/p/?linkid=321287. With adequate signature verification in the next-stage boot loader(s), kernel, and, potentially, user space, it is possible to prevent the execution of unsigned code. There are more details under section 2.2.1 and 2.3. secboot command in the Embedded UEFI Shell to display Secure Boot databases, keys, and security reports. Please consider based on resource availability what method would work for you. They support multiple ways of key storage. But in BIOS I noticed that "Secure boot" is turn off Should I turn it back on ? Crypto processors can speed up key creation and access. The contents of EFI_IMAGE_SIGNATURE_DATABASE1 dbx must be checked when verifying images before checking db and any matches must prevent the image from executing. If you are not using a 3rd party solution: Install and configure the HSM software on the HSM server. System Utilities options described in the following sections. The UEFI secure boot update is offered on BIOS systems. Up to this point, everything is still fine, the update is offered on the affected systems via Windows Update, and that’s it. This will be based on customer base, key storage solution and security of PCs. The corresponding public keys are shipped embedded into the UEFI firmware on Secure Boot-enabled PCs and are used to verify these operations. This is meant for Windows HCK test purposes only. You may not see a Boot tab in your BIOS. On non-Windows RT PCs the OEM may also have additional items in the db to allow other operating systems or OEM-approved UEFI drivers or apps, but these images must not compromise the security of the PC in any way. Enter your BIOS configuration and disable Secure Boot. The forbidden signature database (dbx) contains hashes of malicious and vulnerable components as well as compromised keys and certificates and blocks execution of those malicious components. According to my research, this is due to the secure boot feature of newer BIOS and Windows 10. Support for clearing is required for x86/x64 PCs. This is an instance of a three-certificate chain: user certificate, intermediary certificate, and CA certificate. A Trusted Platform Module (TPM) is a hardware chip on the motherboard that stores cryptographic keys used for encryption. Having one unique key for each device. How to Check if Secure Boot is Enabled or Disabled in Windows 10 Secure Boot is a security standard developed by members of the PC industry to help make sure that your PC boots using only software that is trusted by the PC manufacturer. The authorized database (db) contains public keys and certificates that represent trusted firmware components and operating system loaders. However, these HCK resources do not address creation and management of keys for Windows deployments. This solution is the best in its class in terms of security, adherence to standards, key generation, storage and retrieval. See Appendix B for more details. Secure Boot is a server security feature that is implemented in the BIOS and does not require special hardware. There are some BIOS vendors which may be able to provide custom solutions. This may involve storing a key in a key container on an encrypted hard drive and possible for additional sandboxing and security use a Virtual machine. If they are signed, then to clear the KEK requires a PK-signed package, and to clear either db or dbx requires a package signed by any entity present in the KEK. Firmware components and operating systems with boot loaders must have an appropriate digital signature to execute during the boot process. In this document we will use the suffix “pub” to denote public key. The UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) specification defines a firmware execution authentication process called Secure Boot. PK – 1 only. Secure Boot is a server security feature that is implemented in the BIOS and does not require special hardware. There could be one key per PC like PK or one per model or one per product line. If the platform is in setup mode, then the new PKpub shall be signed with its PKpriv counterpart. The Windows CA can be downloaded from here: https://go.microsoft.com/fwlink/p/?linkid=321192. An OEM could also create a SetVariable() package and distribute that with a simple application such as PowerShell that just changes the PK. There are a few different HSM solutions available to manage large number of keys based on the HSM vendor. This level provides a basic level of assurance relevant to environments where there are risks and consequences of data compromise, but they are not considered to be of major significance. The platform is secured through a platform key that the OEM installs in firmware during manufacturing. System Information opens. Click on the security tab under the BIOS settings. The CA signs the certificate by using its private key.
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