The value of this work is not limited to purely chronological matters. Its implications extend to the dating of biblical sources such as the Book of the Covenant, D, P, and the Deuteronomistic History. [25], Jeroboam was crippled by this severe defeat to Abijah and posed little threat to the Kingdom of Judah for the rest of his reign. Jeroboam’s action is better understood as a reversion to an old agrarian calendar followed in the N which had been altered when a “full-scale synchronization” of divergent calendars was instituted by David or Solomon (Talmon 1958: 56–57). Sometimes those plans involve judgment; other times they include blessings (1 Peter 2:14). Here, the word of the Lord concerning Jeroboam came to fruition. He died soon after his son Abijah (1 Kings 14:1-18). The Southern Kingdom consisted of 2 tribes (Judah and Benjamin). Source: 1 Kings 12:1-24; 2 Chronicles 10 - 11 Rehoboam's Apostasy and God's Judgment . Even David sinned. As a result, an opportunity to bring about national healing, instead sowed the seeds for a national divorce as Rehoboam chose to flex his political power and assert his will over the people rather than serve them. Which is why when Jeroboam selected a different day to celebrate the Festival of Ingathering, the author said it was on “a month of his own choosing,” when the truth may have been more complicated. The nation was split into two kingdoms under Jeroboam and Rehoboam’s leadership. His reign was supposed to humble David’s descendents (1 Kings 11:39) by splintering their kingdom, while still letting David’s line keep the city of Jerusalem, where God’s temple stood (2 Samuel 7). For example, Jeroboam II of Israel dies 41 years after the 15th year of Amaziah of Judah. Though Solomon’s son Rehoboam would succeed his father on the throne, Solomon’s own disobedience and Rehoboam’s imprudence would prove calamitous for the nation as a whole. At the very least, it’s obvious that the author of Kings is uh, not a fan of Jeroboam. The Lord chose him to be king over the ten northern tribes, but Jeroboam would not keep the commandments. And he took away the sodomites out of the land, and removed all the idols that his fathers had made. As the new king, Jeroboam had some problems threatening his ability to rule: God made him king in order to draw the Israelites back to himself, but God’s dwelling place was in Jerusalem, and the Israelites were accustomed to offering sacrifices there. Southern Kingdom: Judah (8 good, 5 outstanding kings, rest bad) 1. Jeroboam II was an evil ruler and he goverened the land in the same manner as the original Jeroboam who was the first king . (1Kings 22:40; 2Chr 22:1) 7yr. Jeroboam thus became the first king of the northern kingdom of Israel, while Rehoboam remained in charge of the southern kingdom of Judah.. God promised Jeroboam an everlasting dynasty if he would be faithful like David (11:38). "The Chronicles of the Kings of Israel", likely compiled by or derived from these kings' own scribes, is likely the source for the basic facts of Jeroboam's life and reign, though the compiler(s) of the extant Book of Kings clearly made selective use of it and added hostile commentaries. Almost 150 years after Jeroboam, son of Nebat, broke away from Judah and was crowned king of the northern tribes of Israel, Jeroboam II took the throne. (This would’ve been a big no-no.) Judah-2. 825-784 (2 Kings 14:23). His life was recorded and his story was told by people who loathed him. Though Jeroboam doesn’t gain the seal of divine approval as Northern Israel’s first king, a credential withheld from every northern king who followed, there are several things we can learn from his leadership and those like him. 23 In the fifteenth year of Amaziah son of Joash king of Judah, Jeroboam son of Jehoash king of Israel became king in Samaria, and he reigned forty-one years. Fed up with the power-tripping kings from David’s line, the northern tribes declared Jeroboam their king, leaving Rehoboam to rule the tribes of Judah and Benjamin. History is full of unpleasant tales involving those in power, those who crave power, and those who will do anything to keep power. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Jeroboam, however, escaped and fled to Egypt, where he was given political asylum by Shisak I, king of Egypt. ם‎, signifying "the people contend" or "he pleads the people's cause". Jeroboam was not the spiritual leader Israel needed, and as the kings of Israel and Judah went, so went the nation. One of the few background details the Bible gives us about Jeroboam is that he was an Ephraimite. His bravery and industriousness caught the eye of King Solomon who put him in charge of the . In 2 Kings 14:23 it is distinctly stated that Jeroboam's reign of forty-one years commenced in the fifteenth of Amaziah, who from that time lived only fifteen years (2 Kings 14:17).Either, therefore, Azariah must have begun to reign in the fifteenth year of Jeroboam, or . And forty and one years reigned he in Jerusalem. He appears on the Bible Timeline in the same time frame as Amaziah and Uzziah Kings of Judah.Jeroboam's name means "God increases the people" or "he increases the people". Abijah (or Abijam or Abia): Son of Rehoboam. Those who seized power by the sword often died by the sword (Matthew 26:52); and those who use violence and treachery to gain power were often the victims of violence and treachery at the hands of those who crave power for themselves. 1 In the twenty-seventh year of Jeroboam king of Israel, Azariah # 15:1 Also called Uzziah; also in verses 6, 7, 8, 17, 23 and 27 son of Amaziah king of Judah began to reign. You have made for yourself other gods, idols made of metal; you have aroused my anger and turned your back on me. 33 In the third year of Asa king of Judah, Baasha son of Ahijah became king of all Israel in Tirzah, and he reigned twenty-four years. Rehoboam and Jeroboam were the kings ruling over the divided kingdom of Israel. 1 Kings 11: 27, 28 Jeroboam recognized as a leader by the people and promoted by King Solomon. For David's sake, the LORD gave him a lamp in Jerusalem, to set up his son after him, and to establish Jerusalem because David did that which was right in the eyes of thee . So after seeking advice, he brought back a familiar form of worship: the good ol’ golden calf. His mother was Jecoliah from Jerusalem. The tribe of Ephraim descended from Joseph’s son by the same name. His bravery and industriousness caught the eye of King Solomon who put him in charge of the . Bible Study Resources - Tips, Online Bible Search, Devotions, 10 Verses to Memorize and Pray for Healing. But kings of the Northern Kingdom were seen as perpetuating “the sin of Jeroboam”—the pinnacle of disobedience.Â. Take courage, for you are not alone. This scenario has played out in numerous lives of God 's people. We will look at one such instance in the book of 2 Chronicles where the king of Judah found himself in this same situation. Yet thanks to archaeology's astonishing finds, we now know that most of these stories are myths. And in the twentieth year of Jeroboam king of Israel reigned Asa over Judah. Jeroboam I (/ ˌ dʒ ɛr ə ˈ b oʊ. JEROBOAM II, son of *Joash, king of Israel (789-748 B.C.E. He rebelled against Babylon and was besieged and conquered by Nebuchadnezzar. In the twentieth year of Jeroboam king of Israel, Asa became king over Judah. However, Jeroboam’s fear that he might lose power if the northern tribes returned to Jerusalem to worship led him to overstep and implement a bad policy to try and secure power that was never his to begin with. Angered that Solomon chose to follow other gods, Yahweh told him, “Since this is your attitude and you have not kept my covenant and my decrees, which I commanded you, I will most certainly tear the kingdom away from you and give it to one of your subordinates” (1 Kings 11:11). Both Rehoboam and Jeroboam showed signs of insecurity and weakness during their respective reigns. Who Was Herod? The Kings of Israel and Judah-George Rawlinson 1889 Rawlinson chronicles the history surrounding each king, giving account of the politics, warfare, religion, and culture of the reign. NASB 1995. Jeroboam placed one calf in Bethel, the other in Dan, destroying any sense of unified worship, as was God’s intention when He established the Temple in Jerusalem as the center of worship for the nation. 8 In the thirty and eighth year of Azariah king of Judah did Zechariah the son of Jeroboam reign over Israel in Samaria six months. Father was Jehoram. And in the twentieth year of Jeroboam king of Israel reigned Asa over Judah. And he will give Israel up because of the sins Jeroboam has committed and has caused Israel to commit.” —1 Kings 14:14-16. For this reason, God declared that He would “tear the kingdom from Solomon and give it to his servants” (1 Kings 11:11). Not every king, leader, or earthly ruler acts in accordance with God’s will. With close reference to the Bible throughout, Rawlinson's study has become an essential part of Old Testament studies and is important tool to aid with the examination of The Books of Kings and Chronicles in particular. While Jeroboam may have seen his choices as a return to ancient Jewish traditions, they were at least in part motivated by his desire to retain power, and they amounted to a deviation from God’s commands. After Solomon’s death, his son Rehoboam became king. Rehoboam is succeeded by his son Abijah as King of Judah (from c.914 to c.912BC). 16 And the children of Israel fled before Judah: and God delivered them into their hand. Jeroboam - Jeroboam, the first king of Israel, was responsible for starting a new state religion following the division of the nation . . Regrettably, obedience to the King of Kings and trust in God’s promises would prove too difficult for Jeroboam. The passages that discuss Jeroboam’s religious practices are pretty heavily biased, which has led scholars to hold mixed views about their authenticity: “The account clearly serves the Deuteronomistic historian’s polemical purposes against Jeroboam and the N kingdom. The third edition is presented in a new and engaging format with new maps and images. An index has been added to the volume for the first time. Nadab, the son of Jeroboam, continued the wickedness . According to the Jewish Encyclopedia the good that Abijah did for which he would be laid in the grave:"Rabbinical Literature:The passage, I Kings, xiv. Later, the prophets sometimes referred to the entire kingdom as “Ephraim” (Jeremiah 31:9, Hosea 5:3). When Israel split into two kingdoms, Jeroboam established his regal quarters in Shechem, a city in Ephraim’s territory (1 Kings 12:25). Exodus 32, anyone?). This book explores the characterization of Jeroboam in 1 Kings 11-14, tracing the rise and fall of this notorious figure. 1 In the twenty-seventh year * of Jeroboam, king of Israel, Azariah, son of Amaziah, king of Judah, became king. The threat of the rising Assyrian…. Old Testament Study Guide, Pt. 2: Deuteronomy to Solomon. This volume is the second of three on the Old Testament. It covers the Bible from the Book of Deuteronomy to the reign of King Solomon. Originally published in 1923 for use in schools, this book contains the Revised Version text of the Book of Hosea with critical annotations by T. W. Crafer, then Professor of Theology and Dean of Queen's College, London. Now Amaziah lived only to the fifteenth year of Jeroboam, 2 Kings 14:2 in which year, and not in his twenty seventh, it might be thought Azariah his son began to reign. TWO ARMIES FACE-OFF (II Chronicles 13:3). Verse 1. Initially, only the tribes of Judah and Benjamin remained to form the new kingdom of Judah, loyal to Rehoboam. The servant prophesied would be Jeroboam. The apostle Paul would later write, “there is no authority except that which God has established. Some assert that he himself undertook a pilgrimage."[20]. Baasha became king in the third year of Asa's reign in Judah. Then the men of Judah raised a war cry, and when the men of Judah raised the war cry, then it was that God routed Jeroboam and all Israel before Abijah and Judah. Draws upon a wide range of historical sources to examine the factuality of the Old Testament, arguing that the Bible's stories are firmly based on fact and refuting evidence from modern scholars who claim otherwise. God is Sovereign Over ALL Kings and Earthly Rulers. From the standpoint of the scribes who wrote and preserved the books of Kings and Chronicles, Jeroboam abandoned the Torah and set in motion the eventual fall of the Northern Kingdom to the Assyrians. Foreign wars, national turmoil, political coups, backstabbing, betrayal … 1&2 Kings chronicles this unsettling and often violent three hundred and fifty years of Israel’s history. The first king of northern Israel, Jeroboam, was not from the line of David. But instead of obeying God, Jeroboam led Israel astray into blatant rebellion against him. Jeroboam I, born in the town of Zereda of the tribe of Ephraim, was the first king of Israel, the northern kingdom, after the division of the kingdom. The very first thing the Bible says about Jeroboam is that he “rebelled against the king” (1 Kings 11:26), but the details of that initial act of rebellion are a little fuzzy. As already noted, Rehoboam might have been able to win over the northern tribal leaders if he had dealt with them respectfully and assured them less oppressive treatment. When Rehoboam sent someone to enforce this new, heavier burden, the Israelites stoned him to death. Others maintain that the account reliably reports the essential cultic measures undertaken by Jeroboam, despite the polemical judgments about them (Evans 1983: 120; Zevit 1985: 60–61).” —Carl D. Evans, The Anchor Yale Bible Dictionary. So rather than being blessed, his reign became a blot on Israel’s history, and his family was cursed. Logos Bible Software 9 review: Do you REALLY need it? Instead, he turned Israel to idolatry and became the pattern for nearly all of Israel's subsequent kings (see 1 Kings 12:25-14:20). The conflict, referring to the independence of the Kingdom of . "In the fifteenth year of Amaziah the son of Joash, king of Judah, Jeroboam the son of Joash, king of Israel, began to reign in Samaria, and he . These cookies do not store any personal information. Jeroboam II ruled Israel (the Northern Kingdom) for 41 years in the first half of the eighth century BC, ca. 21 * Rehoboam, son of Solomon, became king in Judah. Human beings are fascinated by stories of kings and conquest, royalty, elections, and political turmoil. It seems that his father associated him in the kingship in the last two years of his reign and that these years are included in the 41 regnal years ascribed to Jeroboam. His mother's name was Jekoliah; she was from Jerusalem. Who Were the Sons of Thunder in the Bible? Solomon had laborers build terraces in Jerusalem and fill in a gap in the wall. But in his effort to bring the Israelites back to God, Jeroboam embraced the wrong traditions and replaced the wrong habits. Jeroboam was still king of Israel after the death of Rehoboam, king of Judah. 24 He did what the LORD considered to be evil by not abandoning all the sins of Nebat's son Jeroboam, who made Israel sin. Zedekiah - Zedekiah was the last king of Judah. What Is Paradise and Is it the Same as Heaven? Stop Misusing Jeremiah 29:11 and Understand the Real Meaning of 'For I Know the Plans I Have for You', Getting Rid of Baggage in Marriage - Crosswalk Couples Devotional - September 22, When You Feel Like the Worst Sinner - From His Heart - September 23, A Prayer for the Teachers, Mamas, and Anyone Who Wants to Give Up - Your Daily Prayer - September 22, A Prayer When You’re Desperate for Help - Your Daily Prayer - September 23. Years later, Jeroboam’s son Nadab became king, and Baasha (son of a different man named Ahijah) killed him, claimed the throne, and wiped out Jeroboam’s entire family (1 Kings 15:29). If he obeyed God, he would have a dynasty as enduring as David’s.Â. Attempting to arrest the prophet for his bold words of defiance, Jeroboam's hand was "dried up", and the altar before which he stood was rent asunder. 60Click here to view the PDF of these notes. Ahijah tore his own cloak into 12 pieces to represent the 12 tribes of Israel, and told Jeroboam to take 10 of the pieces, signifying that he would rule over 10 of the tribes. The prophet Ahijah prophesied that upon Solomon's death, Jeroboam would become king over ten tribes. Scholars debate whether this meant Jeroboam established two capitals (one on each side of the Jordan River), but Shechem was his primary base of operations. After Solomon's death, Jeroboam returned to Israel. In the eighteenth year of Jeroboam's reign, Abijah (also known as Abijam), Rehoboam's son, became king of Judah. Allied himself with Jeroboam of Judah. His reign was an era unmatched in peace and prosperity, highlighted by the completion of the Temple in Jerusalem. The biblical account states that his elite warriors fended off a pincer movement to rout Jeroboam's troops, killing 500,000 of them. Death, succeeded by Rehoboam who ruled Judah; Jeroboam became king of Israel during Rehoboam's reign. Leaders Set the Example Others Will Follow. His family was eventually wiped out. But that’s not what happened. The end result was that Yahweh sent the nation into exile when it fell to the Assyrians (2 Kgs 17:21–23).”. 1 Kings 12:17 - But [as for] the children of Israel which dwelt in the cities of Judah, Rehoboam reigned over them.. Israel was a powder keg ready to explode… or be exploited. The PDF is formatted better. əm /; Hebrew: יָרָבְעָם ‎ Yāroḇə'ām; Greek: Ἱεροβοάμ, romanized: Hieroboám) was the first king of the northern Kingdom of Israel.The Hebrew Bible describes the reign of Jeroboam to have commenced following a revolt of the ten northern Israelite tribes against Rehoboam that put an end to the United Monarchy. What Jonah Teaches Us about the Danger of Cliques, California - Do Not Sell My Personal Information. When King Rehoboam, the first king of Judah, died, his son Abijah also called Abijam was made a king in his place. Jeroboam's Revolt was an armed insurrection against Rehoboam, king of the United Monarchy of Israel, and subsequently the Kingdom of Judah, led by Jeroboam in the late 10th century BCE, according to the First Book of Kings and the Second Book of Chronicles of the Hebrew Bible. Examines the varied, enormously sophisticated contents of the Bible and sees how certain Western authors were inspired by them. Amos 1:1 - King James Version - The words of Amos, who was among the herdmen of Tekoa, which he saw concerning Israel in the days of Uzziah king of Judah, and in the days of Jeroboam the son of Joash king of Israel, two years before the earthquake. | p. 142, The Mysterious Numbers of the Hebrew Kings, Gill's Exposition of the Entire Bible on 1 Kings 13, New English Translation of the Septuagint, List of Jewish leaders in the Land of Israel, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeroboam&oldid=1044559503, Instances of Lang-el using second unnamed parameter, Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 15 September 2021, at 21:51. period of Israel, from Jeroboam to Joram's death totals 98 years- An even greater discrepancy appears in the period from Jehu's coup to the fall of Samaria- Thus the combined total for Judah's kings is 165 years, and that for Israel is only 144 years. Everything we know about Jeroboam comes from 1 Kings 11:26–14:20 and 2 Chronicles 9:29–13:20. In The Ten Lost Tribes, Zvi Ben-Dor Benite shows for the first time the extent to which the search for the lost tribes of Israel became, over two millennia, an engine for global exploration and a key mechanism for understanding the world. Likewise, Jeroboam furthered division by establishing the high places in Bethel and Dan, effectively segregating once unified worship into north and south. King Uzziah of Judah. 825-784 (2 Kings 14:23). New American Standard Bible. Solomon “did what was evil in the sight of the Lord, and did not follow the Lord fully, as David his father had done,” introducing false worship into the heart of Israel (1 Kings 11:6). Weak and Insecure Leaders Sow Division. Saul, First King of Israel - Jewish History › Best Education From www.chabad.org Education Saul 's Family. Consider the state of Israel and Judah prior to Jeroboam's arrival, and the state of America and the Jewish state prior to Donald Trump. Once king, Jeroboam feared that the northern tribes might grow nostalgic and eventually seek to return to the house of David. The Kings of Judah. [6], Influenced by the words of the prophet Ahijah,[7] he began to form conspiracies with the view of becoming king of the ten northern tribes; but these were discovered, and he fled to Egypt, where he remained under the protection of Pharaoh Shishak until the death of Solomon. "The Mystery of Old Testament Chronology Revealed" provides a detailed, scripturally referenced chronology from Adam to the captivity of Judah. The primary reference is the King James Bible. Later kings would implement far worse forms of pagan worship than even Jeroboam. Therefore, the Bible tells us that Jeroboam, “made two golden calves, and he said to them, ‘it is too much for you to go up to Jerusalem; behold your gods, O Israel, that brought you up from the lands of Egypt.’” (1 Kings 12:28). We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. - In the twenty and seventh year of Jeroboam King of Israel began Azariah son of Amaziah King of Judah to reign. 1 Chronicles 29:29 Now the acts of David the king, first and last, behold, they are written in the book of Samuel the seer, and in the book of Nathan the prophet, and in the book of Gad the seer, 2 Chronicles 9:29 Now the rest of the acts ... Gill's Notes on the Bible. Found insideOne in a series of twenty Old Testament verse-by-verse commentary books edited by Max Anders. Includes discussion starters, teaching plan, and more. Great for lay teachers and pastors alike. Jeroboam Returns to Israel. The Lord speaks to Jehu promising to destroy the house of Baasha as He did the house of Jeroboam because Baasha did not follow the Lord but provoked Israel to sin and worship idols. You have done more evil than all who lived before you. Is Concupiscence, a Strong Sexual Desire, a Sin? by Ryan Nelson | Jul 20, 2020 | Bible characters, Jeroboam I was not from the line of David. Join our email list, and we’ll send you some of our best free resources—plus we’ll tell you whenever we make something new. The prophecies of doom concerning the fall of both the House of Jeroboam and the northern kingdom as a whole ("For the Lord shall smite Israel..., and he shall root up Israel out of this good land, which he gave to their fathers, and shall scatter them beyond the river",[31] might have been composed retroactively, after the events described had already come to pass. After his death, the ten northern tribes rebelled and set up a separate kingdom, Israel, ruled by Jeroboam with its capital in Shechem.vi Kings of Israel later reigned in Samaria. Jeroboam thus became the first king of the northern kingdom of Israel, while Rehoboam remained in charge of the southern kingdom of Judah.. God promised Jeroboam an everlasting dynasty if he would be faithful like David (11:38). (Because that went so well the first time, right? 3. The narrative introduces Jeroboam after describing how two men (Haddad and Rezon) actively fought against Solomon, but then it explains how Jeroboam became one of Solomon’s officials and describes a prophecy which likely incited his rebellion. Abijam Reigns over Judah. The worship of the false gods in Israel and Judah lasted for a very long time, and it was almost impossible to get the people to stop completely worshipping in this manner. In his blog, Perspectives off the Page, he discusses all things story and the creative process. (New revised edition) Considered the classic and comprehensive work in reckoning the accession of kings, calendars, and coregencies based upon the Old Testament text and other extra-biblical sources. kings of judah and israel * Reign of Rehoboam. Moses: The Old Testament’s Greatest Prophet, Who Was King Solomon? According to the account in I Kings 12, he exercised a leadership role in the parley at Shechem. The Beginner’s Guide. Bad Leaders Reap What They Sow. For when the people of Israel saw that King Rehoboam had no intention of listening to their concerns and wasn’t going to lead with the wisdom of his father, they rejected the house of David and made Jeroboam their king instead (1 Kings 12:20). Jeroboam was the first king of Northern Israel after the nation split into two kingdoms following the death of Solomon. ), Encyclopaedia Judaica | second edition | vol 11 | authors Bustanay Oded / S. David Sperling (2nd ed.) His reign was a pivotal moment that set Israel’s trajectory for centuries to come. Our lesson begins with Judah and Israel preparing to go to war. Joel Ryan is an LA-based children’s author, artist, professor, and speaker who is passionate about helping young writers unleash their creativity and discover the wonders of their Creator through storytelling and art. He decided to flex his political muscles, declaring, “whereas my father loaded you with a heavy yoke, I will add to your yoke; my father disciplined you with whips, but I will discipline you with scorpions.” (1 Kings 12:14). Jeroboam I (10th century bce), the first king of the north, now called Israel (the kingdom in the south was called Judah), appreciated the inextricable link of Jerusalem and its sanctuary with the Davidic claim to divine election to kingship over all of Israel (the… Read More (2 Chronicles 26.1-23) 1 In the twenty-seventh year of the reign of King Jeroboam II of Israel, Uzziah son of Amaziah became king of Judah 2 at the age of sixteen, and he ruled in Jerusalem for fifty-two years. As a result, God would split Israel into two kingdoms, raising up a new king to lead the northern tribes as prophesied. 17 And Abijah and his people slew them with a great slaughter: so there fell down slain of Israel five hundred thousand chosen men. In the twenty amd seventh year of Jeroboam king of Israel began Azariah the son on Amaziah king of Judah to reign. A guide to locating and learning about 3,000 people in the Bible [14] Jeroboam offered hospitality to the man of God but this was declined, not out of contempt but in obedience to the command of God. She was the mother of Ahaziah, the previous king. Most do not. While still a young man, King Solomon made him superintendent over his tribesmen in the building of the fortress Millo in Jerusalem and of other public works, and he naturally became conversant with the widespread discontent caused by the extravagances which marked the reign of Solomon. Like all kings and rulers, Jeroboam was established by God, used by God, and removed by God just as quickly. Found insideThe first translation of the books of the Hebrew Bible (plus additions) into the common language of the ancient Mediterranean world made the Jewish scriptures accessible to many outside Judaism.
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